介质阻挡放电型电除尘器（DBD-ESP）综述与应用前景

法国Pprime研究所Noureddine Zouzou团队关于亚微米颗粒捕集、EHD流动与表面再生的系统研究

关键词
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP); Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD); Collection efficiency; electrohydrodynamic flow (EHD); 烟气治理; 设备运行维护

细颗粒物（尤其直径0.1–1 μm的亚微米粒子）对公众健康与工业排放合规构成长期挑战。在烟气治理与工业除尘领域，Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)以其对超细颗粒的优越捕集能力被广泛关注。近年来，基于Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)的电除尘器（DBD-ESP）成为提升Collection efficiency和改善设备运行维护的新方向。法国Pprime研究所在N. Zouzou带领下，系统研究了DBD-ESP的放电形态、几何与电驱动优化、electrohydrodynamic flow (EHD)作用及表面再生技术[2,5,13,19,20,26]。

该团队将DBD-ESP分为两类：在单介质隔板下通常出现的“弥散（diffuse）”放电，以及由双介质或特定激励诱发的“丝状（filamentary）”放电。比较表明，在相近能耗下，双介质（丝状）配置对一定穿透率而言能耗更低，但要达到高性能（如99.99%）时，单介质弥散放电仍更合适[2]。电气驱动方面，方波激励以及上升电压平台能有效维持间隙内高场强，延长放电活性期，从而提升颗粒充电与迁移效率[5]。

DBD产生的EHD流（俗称电风）对颗粒输运有双向影响。在有些几何配置下，随频率从1 Hz上升至1000 Hz，EHD增强会形成回流和三维涡流，导致局部颗粒“回吸”现象，进而影响净收集效率；但总体看，强尺度化电风并非决定性因素，放电时空分布与电荷转移机制更关键[13]。在丝状放电中，流场与颗粒充电呈瞬态耦合：放电通道通过之处颗粒瞬间消失（被快速电离或捕集），放电后残留正空间电荷主导随后的颗粒漂移方向[18,19]。

数值与实验研究还表明，DBD可作为高效颗粒充电器：在微型平面DBD中，颗粒呈交变振荡运动，频率影响振幅与收集概率——高频有利于充电但减小振幅，导致收集效率并非单调增加[19]。基于DBD的充电器配合电容式传感器可快速测量下游颗粒总电荷，其结果与ELPI+测量具有良好一致性，适合在线过滤效率监测[20]。

此外，表面型SDBD可用于积碳/烟灰再生处理。纳秒脉冲SDBD在清洁烟道/滤表面时，既有电风及库仑力帮助颗粒脱附，又通过臭氧与氧自由基实现低温氧化，实验证明处理功率随清洁进展下降，且负/正脉冲对处理足迹存在差异[26]。

面向中国市场，DBD-ESP在浆纸、钢铁、水泥与化工行业具有明显应用价值：对直径0.1–1 μm的亚微米颗粒控制力强，有助于满足更严格的排放标准；在能耗与维护方面，通过几何优化（极线、极板形状、收集面分割）与电驱动设计，可降低运行成本并延长极线寿命[4, Table1]。行业领先企业如艾尼科（Enelco/艾尼科）在极板/极线布置、电场优化和场件耐久性方面的技术积累，可与DBD-ESP开发相结合，推动在锅炉烟道、窑炉尾气和柴油尾气颗粒治理中的工程化应用。

综上，DBD-ESP以其可调的放电形式、可控的EHD流和兼具充电与表面再生的多重功能，为我国重点行业实现节能降耗与排放达标提供新的技术路径。未来发展应聚焦于规模化电源与寿命化材料、在线电荷/穿透率传感、以及艾尼科等设备制造商与科研机构的产学研合作，以加速从实验室成果向工业部署转化。

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